SHADE GARDENS:

DESIGNING WITH DECIDUOUS TREES & SHRUBS

Shady landscapes offer the opportunity to create a lush, low-maintenance woodland oasis steeped in a quiet, magical charm. They are inherently easy to care for, requiring significantly less weeding and watering than hot, sunny beds. They also support a host of wildlife, from woodland birds and pollinating insects to small, beneficial animals. By focusing on a diverse mix of blossoms, varied leaf shapes, vivid colors, and unique bark or branching patterns, you can build a space that is interesting year-round.

***Sorbaria sorbifolia*** *(Tree Astilbe )*

THE MAGIC OF THE DECIDUOUS CANOPY

One major advantage of planting under deciduous trees (trees that drop their leaves in winter) is the light dynamic. Plants growing beneath a deciduous canopy receive both direct and indirect sunlight. In the early spring, before the trees leaf-out, plants receive an abundance of direct sunlight unlike plants tucked away on north-facing slopes or under dense evergreen trees.

Beyond aesthetics, planting trees provides massive environmental benefits:

Temperature Control: Trees drastically reduce surface temperatures by shading the understory.
Climate & Soil Health: They remove carbon dioxide from the air, capture rainwater, and help it absorb deeply into the soil.

To make the most of this environment, your design should mimic a natural forest by creating layers of vegetation. Introducing mid-sized understory trees and large shrubs bridges the gap between the tall canopy and the ground. These layers provide vital nesting habitat for birds and pollinators, making the landscape visually striking and alive with life.

To truly mimic a forest ecosystem, feed your soil from the top down. Start by adding plenty of organic matter like compost, leaf mold, or well-aged natural hardwood bark. In the fall leave the leaves! This natural leaf litter decomposes to improve soil structure, locks in moisture, and provides crucial overwintering habitat for local pollinators and beneficial insects.

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DECIDUOUS TREES & SHRUBS FOR SHADE

Choosing the right plants means balancing beauty with resilience, especially if local deer like to browse in your yard. Here are some examples of wonderful deciduous trees and shrubs that thrive in the shade that we carry at Vineyard Gardens.

Shrubs & Small Trees

Amelanchier canadensis (Serviceberry): A gorgeous native small tree that offers delicate white spring blooms, delicious berries, and stunning fall color. Seldom severely damaged by deer.
Aesculus parviflora (Bottlebrush Buckeye): A wide-spreading plant perfect for transitional woodlands or under a canopy of taller oaks. It produces massive, fluffy white flower spikes in midsummer. Rarely damaged by deer.
- Mix Bottlebrush Buckeye with other woodland lovers like Viburnum opulus, Aronia x prunifolia (Chokeberry), and Ilex verticillata ‘Winter Red’ (Winterberry) for a multi-season display.
Deciduous Azaleas: Deer are far less likely to eat these native deciduous varieties, which offer beautiful, often fragrant spring flowers.
Rhus aromatica 'Gro Low' (Fragrant Sumac): A tough, low-growing groundcover shrub with spectacular orange-to-red fall foliage. Rarely damaged by deer.
Sorbaria sorbifolia (Tree Astilbe): Features feathery, fern-like leaves and large plumes of white flowers. It spreads vigorously to fill tough spaces. Rarely damaged by deer.
- SEM': Compact, colorful, and controlled growth habit.
Clethra alnifolia (Summersweet / Sweet Pepperbush): Native Clethra have excellent shade tolerance, sweet summer fragrance, and intense yellow fall color. Rarely damaged by deer.
- 'Vanilla Spice': Features extra-large, pure white flower spikes that are heavily fragrant.
- 'Hummingbird': A compact, low-growing selection that forms a lush mound.
- 'Ruby Spice': A favorite that has rose-pink flowers throughout the summer.

Hydrangeas: Hydrangeas are great shade garden shrubs, though they can be browsed by deer.
- Hydrangea arborescens (Smooth Hydrangea): The native species featuring large, white flower heads. Moderately deer resistant.
- Hydrangea macrophylla (Bigleaf Hydrangea): The classic blue or pink mophead and lacecap varieties. Occasionally severely damaged by deer.
- Hydrangea petiolaris (Climbing Hydrangea): A magnificent wood-vined climber with lacecap flowers and rich, peeling winter bark. Occasionally severely damaged by deer.
- Hydrangea quercifolia (Oakleaf Hydrangea): A native beauty with deeply lobed, oak-like leaves, massive white flower panicles, and mahogany-red fall color. Occasionally severely damaged by deer.

Fothergilla (Witch Alder): A great choice for multi-season interest, with honey-scented, bottle-brush spring flowers and some of the best orange autumn foliage. Highly deer resistant.
- 'Mt. Airy': An upright cultivar known for its reliable fall color and abundant blooms.
- Fothergilla gardenii (Dwarf Fothergilla): A compact, slow-growing species perfect for smaller garden beds.

Spirea: While traditionally grown in full sun, these specific cultivars tolerate partial shade remarkably well and bring reliable color to the understory. Seldom severely damaged by deer.
- 'Anthony Waterer': Features deep rose-pink flower clusters and attractive reddish new spring growth.
- 'Snowmound': An arching shrub smothered in a blanket of pristine white spring blossoms.

Viburnum: Viburnums are the backbone of the woodland garden, offering beautiful tiered branching habits, lacecap or snowball blooms, and berries for local birds.
- Viburnum dentatum (Arrowwood): Exceptionally tough native species with white spring clusters followed by blue-black fall berries. Rarely damaged by deer.
- Viburnum dentatum 'Blue Muffin': A compact cultivar prized for its intensely vibrant, electric-blue fall berries. Rarely damaged by deer.
- Viburnum dentatum 'Sparkler': Features deeply veined, glossy foliage and a robust, dense upright habit. Rarely damaged by deer.
- Viburnum plicatum 'Mariesii': A Doublefile Viburnum with distinctive horizontal, tiered branches that mimic layers of snow when blooming.
- Viburnum plicatum 'Popcorn': Perfectly round, popcorn-like white flower clusters; excellent heat and drought tolerance once established.
- Viburnum carlesii 'Spice Baby': A compact Korean Spice Viburnum known for its intensely fragrant, spicy-sweet pink-to-white spring blooms.

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By layering these incredible deciduous plants and prioritizing soil health your shade garden will transform into a rich, low-maintenance sanctuary for both you and local wildlife.

POLLINATOR GARDENS

FALL TREES

& SHRUBS

Fall is a great time to plant trees and shrubs! The combination of the weather cooling down and fall rain allows plants to establish their roots. Planting in the fall also gives trees and shrubs an extra growing season before the stress of summer heat and drought.

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TREES

Franklinia alatamaha (Franklin Tree): Native to US. Typically grows to 15’x10’. Showy fragrant white flowers in August. Great fall color! Plant in full sun with light shade in moist soil.
Lagerstroemia indica crape myrtle: Multi stemmed trees with beautiful late season color. Blooms late summer into fall. Exfoliating bark which continues to be showy into winter. Great diversity available.
Maple Trees: Known for their fall color. {10 best Maples for fall color}
- Acer palmatum: Japanese maples are easy to grow, cold hardy and remarkable adaptable. Their green leaf forms have the best fall color!
- Acer ginnala: This smaller maple can be used as small specimen, patio tree and even works well in a container. It has a particularly fabulous fall color!
Myrica pensylvanica (Bayberry): Native to Martha’s Vineyard. Typically grows to 10’ x 8’. Plant in full sun. It tolerates drought once established. Deer resistant.
Nysa sylvatica (Beetlebung Tree): An island native that grows where there is quite a bit of water. Often found growing in low points and bogs on the island. Has beautiful fall color and a distinguished shape. We have some young beauties for sale at the nursery.
Osmanthus heterophyllus (False Holly): An evergreen shrub that typically grows to 10’ x 10’. Blooms late fall into the winter (Oct-Nov) with small fragrant white flowers. Shade tolerant and deer resistant.
Oxydendron arboreum: Native tree known for its fall color.

Vaccinium corymbosum_ highbush blueberry

SHRUBS

Callicarpa dichotoma: Beauty Bush with beautiful lavender berries.
- Early Amethyst: A smaller variety
- Pearl Glam: A new Proven Winner cultivar, with dark foliage.
Callicarpa japonica Leucocarpa: An upright beauty berry with white berries. Pale pink-white flowers in summer.
Clerodendron trichotomum: Once the fragrant white flowers have passed the red calyces and purple berry are a showy season extender.
Fothergilla: A native shrub known for its fall color. It blooms in June and later lights up your yard with red and purple fall color. If you need a large shrub the species to get is major. There is a dwarf species available called gardenii, for a smaller shrub.
Hamamelis (Witch Hazel): Large native shrubs known for their fall color.
- Hamamelis virginiana: A fall yellow bloomer
- Hamamelis vernalis: Blooms in February
Hydrangeas: Many of the panicle hydrangeas fade to pink and hold the dried blooms way into the fall. There are some late summer bloomers that bloom into fall.
Symphoricarpos (Snow Berry): A season extender. This shrub has large white berries.
Vaccinium Corymbosum (High bush blueberry): Native to Martha’s Vineyard. Typically grows to 8’x 6’. Great fall color! Plant in full sun. Deer resistant.
Viburnums: There are many which have fabulous fall color and berries.
- Viburnum dentatum (arrowwood viburnum): Native to Martha’s Vineyard. Non-fragrant flat-topped white flowers appear in late spring. Flowers give way to blue-black, berries which are quite attractive to birds and wildlife. Tolerates light shade.
- Viburnum dilatatum: Known for their drooping berries. We carry Cardinal Candy with red berries and Michael Dodge with yellow berries.
- Viburnum plicatums: These are Chris Wiley’s favorite Viburnum in flower.